Matriculation examination 1887; Karlberg Military School 1888-1889; Swedish War Academy 1900-1902.
Officer of Finnish descent. Served in the Swedish army 1887-1918; in the Finnish army, Commander of Satakunta Group in the War of Independence; Commander of Group Linder and Commander of Savo Group from 29 April till 16 May, 1918.
Inspector of Cavalry in the Finnish army from 12 December, 1918, till 24 July, 1919; Commander of Svenska Frivilligkåren from 6 January till 27 February, 1940; Commander of Salla direction from 28 February till 26 April, 1940. Wrote e.g. Från Finlands Frihetskrig (About the Finnish War of Liberation, 1920).
Commander-in-Chief 1918 | Headquarters 1918
| Vaasa Senate | Hannes Ignatius
| Martin Wetzer | Harald Hjalmarson
| Ernst Linder | Gösta Theslöf | Jägers | St Petersburg Question | Relations with Germany | Cross of Liberty
| Eastern Karelia | Uusimaa Dragoon
Regiment | Fir Twig | Finnish Flag
| Swedish Brigade | Civil Guards | Jäger Conflict | Heikki Kekoni | Red Prisoners | Wilhelm Thesleff
| Aarne Sihvo | Rudolf Walden |
Air Force - Air Weapon | Red and White
Terrorism | Great Parade 16 May, 1918 | Åland Question | Monarchy | Mannerheim's Resignation
COURSE OF LIFE | FAMILY | TIME OF GROWTH | MILITARY CAREER | WAR OF INDEPENDENCE | REGENT 1918-1919 | CIVILIAN | DEFENCE COUNCIL | COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF 1939-1946 | PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC 1944-1946 | RETIREMENT | SPECIAL TOPICS | SEARCH