Received his military education in the Finnish Jäger Battallion in Germany 1915-1918, and in the Swedish Military Academy 1924-1925. Battallion Commander in the War of Independence; later various military posts up to 1951: e.g. Commander of Army Corps 1933-1939; Commander of II Army Corps on the eastern Karelian Isthmus 1939-1940; representative of the Commander-in Chief at the headquarters of the German land forces from 18 June, 1941, till 28 January 1942; Commander of Kannas Group 1942-1944. Honorary Doctor of Helsinki University, 1950.
World War II | Pacific War | Winter War | Headquarters | Mannerheim Line | Vilho Petter Nenonen | K.L. Oesch | Harald Öhquist | Paavo Talvela | Continuation War |Transit Pact | Risto Ryti | Order of the Day of the Sword Scabbard | Erik Heinrichs | A.F. Airo | Hugo Österman | Marshal's Drink | Mannerheim Cross | Title of Marshal of Finland | Air War - Air Forces
COURSE OF LIFE | FAMILY | TIME OF GROWTH | MILITARY CAREER | WAR OF INDEPENDENCE | REGENT 1918-1919 | CIVILIAN | DEFENCE COUNCIL | COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF 1939-1946 | PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC 1944-1946 | RETIREMENT | SPECIAL TOPICS | SEARCH